NFL
RULE 8. FORWARD PASS, BACKWARD PASS, FUMBLE
SECTION 1 - FORWARD PASS
ARTICLE 5. ELIGIBLE RECEIVERS
https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#article-5-eligible-receivers
The following players are eligible to catch a forward pass that is thrown from behind the line of scrimmage.
以下の選手がLOS(スクリメージライン)の手前から投げられたフォワードパスをキャッチ出来る有資格者である。
(a) Defensive players.
ディフェンスの選手
(b) Offensive players who are on either end of the line, provided they either have the numbers of eligible players (0–49 and 80–89) or have legally reported to play a position on the end of the line. See 5-1-2.
LOS上の両端にいるオフェンスの選手で、有資格者番号(0～49、80～89)を着用、又はLOS上の端に着くことを申告している選手。5-1-2参照
(c) Offensive players who are legally at least one yard behind the line at the snap, provided they either have the numbers of eligible players (0–49 and 80–89) or have legally reported to play a position in the backfield.
スナップ時にLOSより少なくとも1yd.後方にいるオフェンスの選手で、有資格者番号(0～49、80～89)を着用、又はバックフィールドに着くことを申告している選手。
(d) All offensive players after the ball has been touched by any defensive player or any eligible offensive player; or
ディフェンス、又はオフェンスの有資格者がボールにタッチした後のオフェンス全員。
(e) An eligible receiver who is forced out of bounds by an opponent’s foul, provided he attempts to return inbounds immediately and reestablishes inbounds with both feet or with any body part other than his hands, without prior touching.
相手の反則によりアウトオブバウンズに出された有資格レシーバーで、直ちにインバウンズに戻ろうとし、事前のボールへのタッチ無しに両足又は手以外の身体でインバウンズを再確立した場合。
ARTICLE 6. INELIGIBLE RECEIVERS
https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#article-6-ineligible-receivers
All offensive players other than those identified in Article 5 above are ineligible to catch a legal or illegal forward pass thrown from behind the line of scrimmage, including:
上記Article 5で示した以外で、以下の条件を含む選手は、LOS手前から投げられた正当な、又は不正なフォワードパスをキャッチする資格がない。
(a) Players who are not on either end of their line or at least one yard behind it when the ball is snapped;
スナップ時にLOS上の両端、又はLOSから少なくとも1yd.後方にいない選手。
(b) Players who fail to notify the Referee of being eligible as required by Article 5;
Article 5で求められる審判員への有資格申告しなかった選手。
(c) An eligible receiver who has been out of bounds prior to or during a pass, either by his own volition or by being legally forced out, even if he has reestablished himself inbounds with both feet or with any part of his body other than his hands; or
パス前、又はパス中に、自らの意思で、又は正当に強制的にアウトオブバウンズに出された有資格レシーバーは、両足又は手以外の身体でインバウンズに戻ったとしても無資格である。
(d) A player who takes his stance as a T-Formation Quarterback unless, before the ball is snapped, he legally moves to a position at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage or on the end of the line and is stationary in that position for at least one second before the snap.
TフォーメーションQBはスナップ前に、LOSから少なくとも1yd後ろに下がる、又はLOS上の端に移動した上で、スナップ前にその位置で少なくとも1秒間静止しない限り無資格である。
RULE 5 PLAYERS, SUBSTITUTES, EQUIPMENT, GENERAL RULES
SECTION 3 CHANGES IN POSITION
ARTICLE 1. REPORTING CHANGE OF POSITION.
https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#article-1-reporting-change-of-position
An offensive player wearing the number of an ineligible pass receiver (50–79 and 90–99) is permitted to line up in the position of an eligible pass receiver or T-Formation Quarterback (0–49 and 80–89).
無資格番号（50～79と90～99）を着用しているオフェンスの選手は、有資格レシーバー又は T フォーメーションQB（0～49と80～89）の位置に就く事が許される。
An offensive player wearing the number of an eligible pass receiver is permitted to line up in the position of an ineligible pass receiver, provided he lines up within the normal five-player core formed by ineligible players and is not more than two players removed from the middle player of a seven-player line.
有資格番号を付けているオフェンスの選手は、無資格レシーバーの位置に並ぶことが許可されるが、その選手が無資格選手によって形成される通常の5人のコア内に並び、7人のラインの中央の選手の2 人以内に限る。
In both cases, the player must immediately report the change in his eligibility status to the Referee, who will inform the defensive team. He must participate in such eligible or ineligible position as long as he is continuously in the game, but prior to each play he must again report his status to the Referee, who will inform the defensive team. The game clock shall not be stopped, and the ball shall not be put in play until the Referee takes his normal position.
いずれの場合も、選手は資格ステータスの変更を審判に直ちに伝える必要があり、審判はそれをディフェンスに伝える。試合に継続して出場している限りその選手は、それら有資格又は無資格のポジションに参加しなければならないが、各プレイ前に再度自分の資格ステータスを審判に伝えねばならず、審判はディフェンスにその旨を伝える。
ARTICLE 2. RETURNING TO ORIGINAL POSITION.
https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rulebook/#article-2-returning-to-original-position
A player who has reported a change in his eligibility status to the Referee is permitted to return to a position indicated by the eligibility status of his number after:
審判に資格ステータスの変更を伝えた選手は、以下の後であれば、その番号の資格に示されたポジションに戻ることが認められる。
(a) a team time out;
(b) the end of a quarter;
(c) the two-minute warning;
(d) a foul;
(e) a replay review;
(f) a touchdown;
(g) a kick from scrimmage;
(h) a change of possession; or
(i) the player has been withdrawn for one legal snap.
https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-ravens-2020-reg-3
https://youtu.be/ofxs8Sj2b1M
Touchdown Chiefs
4Q (8:19)
E.Fisher reported in as eligible. P.Mahomes pass short left to E.Fisher for 2 yards, TOUCHDOWN.
1st & Goal at BAL 2
#72 Eric Fisher